Scramblin' thru... the U.S. Presidents
"Old Buck"
"Ten-Cent Jimmy"
"Old Public Functionary"
"The Do-Nothing President"
Personal Information
April 23, 1791
Cove Gap, Pennsylvania |
June 1, 1868
(age 77) Lancaster, Pennsylvania |
Cause of Death:
Respiratory failure |
Height: 6'0"
|
Weight: 198 lbs.
|
Presbyterian
|
Level: College
(Dickinson College) |
Married: Never
|
Biological Kids: 0
|
Wrote:
2 books |
Career BEFORE Presidency:
lawyer, U.S. Congressman, U.S. Senator, Secretary of State under Polk |
Career AFTER Presidency:
writer |
Presidential Information
Began: March 4, 1857
(age 65) |
Ended: March 4, 1861
(age 69) |
# Months Served: 48
(1 full term) |
# Vice Presidents: 1
(John C. Breckinridge) |
Political Affiliation:
Democratic |
Salary:
$25,000/year |
Election Information
Election of 1856
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A Presidential Life in Review
Click on the banner above to go to the James Buchanan homepage at the University of Virginia's Miller Center. Click on the buttons below for in-depth information about Buchanan's Presidency.
James Buchanan served as the 15th U.S. President from 1857
to 1861. During his tenure, seven Southern states seceded from the Union over
states’ rights. A Pennsylvania native, Buchanan began his political career in
his home state's legislature and went on to serve in both houses of Congress;
he even later became a foreign diplomat and U.S. Secretary of State under President James K. Polk. Buchanan,
a Democrat who was opposed to slavery but believed it was protected by the
Constitution, was elected to the White House in 1856. As President, he tried to
maintain peace between pro-slavery and anti-slavery factions, but tensions only
escalated. In 1860, after Abraham Lincoln was elected to succeed Buchanan,
South Carolina seceded, and the Confederacy was soon established. In April
1861, a month after Buchanan left office, the Civil War (1861-1865) began. Often
considered the worst U.S. President, Buchanan defended his Administration and
its policies until his death in 1868. Source: The History Channel
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Historical Rankings
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James Buchanan Fun Facts
At 28, Buchanan was engaged to be married. Because of untrue rumors, his fiancée broke off the engagement. A heart-broken and grief-stricken Buchanan vowed never to marry and is the only President to remain a batchelor his entire life.
Buchanan often drank his sorrows away. He didn't like that the White House was generally stocked with just two small bottles of champagne, so, every Sunday, he went to a distillery and picked up a 10 gallon jug of whiskey. He drank cognac and up to two bottles of other kinds of alcohol... every night.
Because he was never married, the duties of the White House hostess were performed by his niece, Harriet Lane.
One of Buchanan's eyes was nearsighted and the other farsighted. As a result, he always tilted his head to the left.
By the time Buchanan was 30, he had amassed a fortune of $300,000. (Keep in mind that $300,000 in 1821 would be well over $5 million today.)
Buchanan offered a bounty of $250 for the head of John Brown (the notorious abolitionist that captured Harpers Ferry and tried to form the first black republic). As a result, Brown offered a bounty of $2.50 for the head of Buchanan.
In the months leading up to the Election of 1856, Republicans harped on Buchanan's seemingly heartless statement that ten cents a day was adequate pay for a workingman. They jeered him as "Ten-Cent Jimmy".
Because his tenure as President wasn't over until March 4, 1861, Buchanan was the sitting President (albeit a "Lame Duck") when seven southern states seceded following the election of Abraham Lincoln to form the Confederacy on February 4, 1861.
Buchanan attended Dickinson College in the early 1800s, and, after being expelled for bad behavior (which included heavy drinking, cigar smoking, and practical jokes), he was later allowed to return. He graduated with honors in 1809.
During Buchanan's tenure as Secretary of State under President James K. Polk, he turned down an offer to become a justice for the U.S. Supreme Court, instead focusing his attention on negotiating the Oregon Treaty with Britain. (That treaty ultimately settled a long-standing dispute regarding territorial ownership in the Pacific Northwest. The present border between the state of Washington in the U.S., and British Columbia in Canada, was established by this treaty.) To date, Buchanan is the last Secretary of State to become President.
Much speculation has been made about Buchanan's sexual orientation, with the majority of modern experts convinced he was unquestionably gay. After his fiancée called off their engagement, Buchanan vowed to never marry. Instead, he lived for many years in D.C. with Alabama Senator William Rufus King (who became Vice President under Franklin Pierce.) Rumors abounded about their relationship, and the two were jokingly referred to by other Congressmen as "Buchanan and his wife". Following both men's deaths, their personal correspondence to one another was destroyed by their surviving family members, leading to even more speculation about the nature of their relationship.
Buchanan published his memoirs a few years prior to his death, becoming the first President to do so. In those memoirs he defended himself and his choices in office, particularly his highly criticized choice to essentially do nothing about the seccession of the Southern states following the election of Abraham Lincoln in 1860. He predicted that history would vindicate him. Wrong. To this day, historians consider him to be the worst U.S. President.
Presidential Portrait
President Buchanan HATED Valentine's Day... [Click picture for a larger version.]
Presidential Signature
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